The development trend of DWDM
1 Higher channel rate
The channel rate of the DWDM system has grown from 2.5 Gbit/s to the current 10 Gbit/s, and the system based on 40 Gbit/s has entered the commercial stage.
2 More wavelength multiplexing
Early DWDM systems were mostly used for 8/16/32 wavelengths with channel spacing of 100 GHz and operating wavelengths in the C-band. With the continuous development of technology, the working wavelength of the DWDM system can cover the C and L bands with an interval of 50 GHz. For example, ZTE's ZXWM M900 device can provide up to 160 waves of multiplexing.
3 Extra long all-optical transmission distance
By increasing the distance of all-optical transmission and reducing the number of electrical regeneration points, the initial cost and operating cost of network construction can be reduced.
Traditional DWDM systems use EDFA to extend the transmission distance of unpowered relays. Currently, distributed Raman amplifiers, super forward error correction (FEC), dispersion management techniques, optical equalization techniques, and efficient modulation formats are available. It has expanded from the current 600km to more than 2000km.
4 From point to point WDM to all-optical network
The ordinary point-to-point DWDM system is mainly composed of an optical terminal multiplexer (OTM). Although it has a huge transmission capacity, it only provides the original transmission bandwidth and the networking capability is not flexible. With the continuous development of the electrical cross-over system and the continuous expansion of the node capacity, the point-to-point networking obviously cannot keep up with the growth rate of the network transmission link capacity. The desire for further expansion is shifting to optical nodes, namely optical add/drop multiplexers (OADMs) and optical cross-connects (OXCs).
Chain type and ring type optical networks can be formed by OADM. The OADM device controls the optical signals of different wavelength channels to be transmitted to appropriate locations, and can realize protection and recovery of optical layer services.
OXC is the next generation of optical communication routing switches. The main functions in the all-optical network include: providing wavelength-based connectivity, wavelength-interpolation of the optical path, and grooming the wavelength path to achieve maximum utilization of the fiber infrastructure in wavelengths, wavelength sets, and Protection and recovery at the fiber level. The OXC is placed at an important junction point on the network, collecting input from different wavelengths of each party, and then outputting each signal at an appropriate wavelength. More complex ring networks can be built through OADM and OXC.
In the next-generation IP Over DWDM telecom/network architecture, OXC is expected to replace the existing electrical switching/routing status with optical signal transmission.
5 Development of IP over DWDM technology
The bandwidth of the Internet backbone network is growing rapidly. If DWDM technology is not used, only the data traffic of the Internet can occupy the capacity of the entire single-wave fiber system (currently, the maximum transmission rate of the commercial single-wavelength fiber system is 40 Gbit/s). Therefore, IP over DWDM will be the main technology for future network
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