What Is A 5G Base Station?
The 5G base station is the core equipment of the 5G network, providing wireless coverage and realizing wireless signal transmission between the wired communication network and the wireless terminal. The architecture and shape of the base station directly affect how the 5G network is deployed. In the technical standards, the frequency band of 5G is much higher than that of 2G, 3G and 4G networks. At this stage, 5G networks mainly work in the 3000-5000MHz frequency band. The higher the frequency, the greater the attenuation during signal propagation, so the base station density of the 5G network will be higher.
Logical Architecture
5G base stations are mainly used to provide 5G air interface protocol functions and support communication with user equipment and core networks. According to logical functions, 5G base stations can be divided into 5G baseband units and 5G radio frequency units, and the two can be connected through CPRI or eCPRI interfaces.
The 5G baseband unit is responsible for NR baseband protocol processing, including the entire user plane (UP) and control plane (CP) protocol processing functions, and provides a backhaul interface (NG interface) with the core network and an interconnection interface (Xn interface) between base stations ).
The 5G radio frequency unit mainly completes the conversion of NR baseband signals and radio frequency signals and the transceiver function of NR radio frequency signals. In the downstream direction, the baseband signal received from the 5G baseband unit is received, after up-conversion, digital-to-analog conversion, radio frequency modulation, filtering, signal amplification and other transmission link (TX) processing, it is transmitted through the switch and antenna unit. In the upstream direction, the 5G radio frequency unit receives the uplink radio frequency signal through the antenna unit, and after low noise amplifier, filtering, demodulation and other receiving link (RX) processing, then performs analog-to-digital conversion, down conversion, converts to baseband signal and sends to 5G baseband unit.
Equipment System
In order to support a flexible networking architecture and adapt to different application scenarios, 5G wireless access networks will have a variety of base stations with different architectures and different forms. From the perspective of device architecture, 5G base stations can be divided into different architectures such as BBU-AAU, CU-DU-AAU, BBU-RRU-Antenna, CU-DU-RRU-Antenna, and integrated gNB. From the perspective of equipment form, 5G base stations can be divided into baseband equipment, radio frequency equipment, integrated gNB equipment and other forms of equipment.
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