FWM（Four-Wave Mixing）In Optical Network
FWM, Four-wave Mixing, four-wave mixing. Four-wave mixing is a third-order parametric process that originates from the third-order nonlinear response of the bound electrons of the medium under the action of the light field.
From the perspective of quantum mechanics, photons of one or several light waves are quenched, and several new photons with unreachable frequencies are generated, and in this process, the net energy and momentum are conserved. There are two types of four-wave mixing, one is that three photons are combined into one photon, f4=f1+f2+f3, when f1=f2=f3, corresponding to the generation of the third harmonic, when f1=f2!=f3, Corresponding frequency up-conversion, the corresponding frequency is 2f1+f3; the other is the annihilation of two photons f1 and f2, while generating new photons f3 and f4, f3+f4=f1+f2, frequency shift is f1-f3= F4-f1 (assuming f4 is greater than f3). In the second case, phase matching is easier to achieve in the fiber. As long as the pump spectrum enters the fiber and satisfies the phase matching condition, the f3 and f4 Stokes and anti-Stokes light can be formed from the noise. In addition, if the weak signal of frequency f3 enters the fiber along with the pump spectrum light, this signal will be amplified while generating new frequency light of frequency f4. These new frequency lights can affect normal communication.
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