Technical development of FTTH As an access technology, FTTH has now been recognized and the technology has matured. There are two commonly used optical fiber access technologies for FTTH, P2P (point-to-point technology) and P2MP (point-to-multipoint PON).
P2P (Peer-to-peer) is a peer-to-peer network technology that allows two users without public IP to communicate directly.
PON (Passive Optical Network) is a passive optical network, which refers to the ODN (Optical Distribution Network) between the OLT (Optical Line Terminal) and the ONU (Optical Network Unit) without any active equipment and only uses optical fibers and passive components. PON mainly adopts a point-to-multipoint network structure and is the main technology to realize FTTB/FTTH.
PON technology can be divided into narrowband PON technology for narrowband TDM service access and ATM transmission-based BPON (APON) for broadband access, EPON technology based on Ethernet packet transmission, and GPON that takes into account the integration of ATM/Ethernet/TDM technology. These three types are all PON technologies that have realized FTTX commercially.